1.1 该测试方法包括使用成角度的发射坡道来启动球体或近球体形状(在本文全文中称为试样)在平坦的水平面(称为滚动表面)上的滚动，以确定给定球体形状在给定表面上的滚动摩擦特性。 1.1.1 在实验室间试验中使用了表面板上的钢球（见 附录X1 ).在开发该测试方法时，测试了果岭上的高尔夫球、比赛表面上的足球和长曲棍球、球道上的保龄球、硬木上的篮球和复合表面上的弹珠，但该测试适用于在任何滚动表面上滚动的任何样本。 1.1.2 试样在滚动表面上的滚动摩擦受许多因素的影响，包括试样的刚度、曲率半径、表面织构、表面上薄膜的存在以及滚动表面的性质。该测试方法考虑了所有这些因素。使用标准斜坡在感兴趣的滚动表面上滚动感兴趣的样品以开始滚动，并且使用标准技术来测量和处理离开斜坡后的滚动距离。 1.1.3 该测试方法产生特定样品在特定滚动表面上的滚动阻力数。它旨在比较类似的摩擦系统。例如，弹珠在特定表面上的滚动阻力不应与足球在草地上的滚动阻力相比较，因为它们的质量和直径与它们滚动的滚动表面非常不同。 1.1.4 不同的发射坡道适用于不同类型的标本。如果使用中讨论的发射台之一无法容纳感兴趣的样本 附录X1 和 附录X2 ，可以开发不同的发射坡道，并在未来对该测试方法的修订中添加。 1.2 以SI单位表示的值将被视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。======意义和用途====== 5.1 像滑动摩擦一样，滚动摩擦取决于许多因素。这是一种系统效应，涉及试样和滚动表面的性质。滑动摩擦力（ F ）通常被认为是由表面特征变形产生的力的总和（ F s ），从接触点的吸引力（原子、分子等）（ F 一个 ），以及来自摩擦表面上薄膜和颗粒相互作用的力（ F f ): 滚动摩擦力包括这些力贡献加上接触表面的相对刚度、样品的直径（曲率）和其他因素的影响。由于滚动摩擦系统中涉及如此多的因素，滚动阻力可以通过在预期滚动表面上对感兴趣的样品进行实际测试来最好地量化，如本测试方法中所述。5.2 在无数的应用中，量化特定球形样品在特定滚动表面上的滚动特性是重要的。为该试验方法进行的实验室间试验是在球轴承中使用的硬化钢球上进行的。该试验方法可用于评估不同滚动表面对滚珠轴承滚珠滚动特性的影响。相反，它可以用作球的质量控制测试。球上的表面缺陷/缺陷/薄膜等会影响它们的滚动方式，从而影响在公共滚动表面上行进的距离。 5.3 该测试方法的工业应用可包括评估球形或近球形零件的输送表面:止回阀球、橱柜旋钮、圣诞装饰品、马桶浮子等。许多医疗设备使用特殊形状，其中滚动特性是一个考虑因素。类似地，许多药物产品（药丸）的形状为球形或接近球形，并且该测试方法可用于评估用于输送或其他原因（例如尺寸（质量）检查）的滚动特性。 5.4 球形样品的滚动摩擦可以在无数运动（足球、高尔夫、曲棍球等）中考虑。）和游戏应用（台球、地滚球、玩具等。）.该测试方法可用于对不同球成分、质量、形状、表面纹理、设计、刚度等的滚动阻力进行排序。类似地，测试方法可用于评估球在不同的比赛或游戏表面上滚动的容易程度。 5.5 本试验方法适用于球形或大部分为球形的食品。例如，市场营销中常用苹果、柑橘类水果、坚果等的滚动距离进行尺寸分类。这些物品在成角度的表面下滚动，并且滚动距离用作尺寸确定(质量/直径)的参数。此外，该测试方法可用于评估各种滚动表面（如地毯、金属、木材等）的适用性。）在分类设备中的适用性。此外，它还可以用于球形加工食品（口香糖球、硬糖、肉丸等）的食品输送 5.6 最后，这种测试方法可以成为物理和摩擦学学生的一个有价值的教学工具。该设备简单、成本低、适合学生使用。它可以用来演示滚动摩擦的概念和影响滚动摩擦的因素。

1.1 This test method covers the use of an angled launch ramp to initiate rolling of a sphere or nearly spherical shape, referred to as the specimen throughout this document, on a flat horizontal plane, referred to as the rolling surface, to determine the rolling friction characteristics of a given spherical shape on a given surface. 1.1.1 Steel balls on a surface plate were used in interlaboratory tests (see Appendix X1 ). Golf balls on a green, soccer and lacrosse balls on playing surfaces, bowling balls on a lane, basketballs on hardwood, and marbles on a composite surface were tested in the development of this test method, but the test applies to any specimen rolling on any rolling surface. 1.1.2 The rolling friction of specimens on rolling surfaces is affected by many factors, including specimen’s stiffness, radius of curvature, surface texture, the presence of films on the surface, and the nature of the rolling surface. This test method takes all of these factors into consideration. The specimen of interest is rolled on the rolling surface of interest using a standard ramp to initiate rolling and standard techniques are used to measure and treat the rolled distance after leaving the ramp. 1.1.3 This test method produces a rolling resistance number for a specific specimen on a specific rolling surface. It is intended for comparing similar tribosystems. For example, the rolling resistances of marbles on a particular surface are not to be compared with the rolling resistance of soccer balls on grass, because their masses and diameters are very different as are the rolling surfaces on which they roll. 1.1.4 Different launch ramps are appropriate for different types of specimens. If a specimen of interest cannot be accommodated with using one of the launch ramps discussed in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 , a different launch ramp can be developed and added with future revisions to this test method. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Rolling friction like sliding friction depends upon many factors. It is a system effect that involves the nature of the specimen and the rolling surface. The sliding friction force ( F ) is usually considered to be the sum of forces arising from deformations of surface features ( F s ), from attractive forces (atomic, molecular, etc.) at contact points ( F a ), and force from interaction of films and particulates on the rubbing surfaces ( F f ): The rolling friction force includes these force contributions plus effects from the relative stiffness of the contacting surfaces, the diameter (curvature) of the specimen, and other factors. Because there are so many factors involved in a rolling tribosystem, rolling resistance can best be quantified by an actual test of the specimen of interest on the intended rolling surface, as described in this test method. 5.2 There are countless applications where it is important to quantify the rolling characteristics of a particular spherical specimen on a particular rolling surface. The interlaboratory tests conducted for this test method were performed on hardened steel balls like those used in ball bearings. This test method could be used to assess the effect of different rolling surfaces on the rolling characteristics of balls for ball bearings. Conversely, it could be used as a quality control test on balls. Surface imperfections/defects/films, etc. on the balls can affect how they roll and thus the distance traveled on a common rolling surface. 5.3 Industrial applications of this test method can include assessing conveying surfaces for spherical or nearly spherical parts: check valve balls, cabinet knobs, Christmas ornaments, toilet floats, etc. Many medical devices use special shapes where rolling characteristics are a consideration. Similarly, many pharmaceutical products (pills) are spherical or nearly spherical in shape, and this test method can be used to assess rolling characteristics for conveying or other reasons such as size (mass) check. 5.4 Rolling friction of spherical specimens can be a consideration in countless sports (soccer, golf, lacrosse, etc.) and game applications (billiards, bocce, toys, etc.). This test method can be used to rank the rolling resistance of different ball compositions, masses, shapes, surface textures, design, stiffness, etc. Similarly, the test method can be used to assess the ease of rolling of balls on different playing or game surfaces. 5.5 This test method is applicable to spherical or mostly spherical food products. For example, it is common to use the rolling distance of apples, citrus fruits, nuts, etc. for size classification in marketing. These items are rolled down an angled surface and the rolling distance serves as a parameter for size determination (mass/diameter). Moreover, this test method can be used to assess the suitability of various rolling surfaces (such as carpet, metal, wood, etc.) for suitability in classification equipment. Additionally, it could also be used for food conveyance for spherical-shaped processed foods (gumballs, hard candy, meatballs, etc.) 5.6 Finally, this test method can be a valuable teaching tool for physics and tribology students. The equipment is simple, low-cost, and student proof. It can be used to demonstrate the concept of rolling friction and the factors that affect it.