该项目的目标是: 量化各种生物体（变形虫、需氧孢子、大肠杆菌）对过滤器的污染程度。 大肠杆菌、线虫等）通过在多个生产现场进行的调查，利用各种资源和 相关的水处理厂； 优化过滤器清洗，以防止或最小化健康风险；和 定义清洁协议，以便操作员净化过滤介质。协议已经生效 在应用于工业现场之前，已通过实验室和中试规模的测试确定。 该研究的第一部分集中于对欧洲水处理厂（WTP）的15个以上过滤器的全球调查 （法国、匈牙利、英国）开发有关过滤器污染的详细信息。信息 收集的数据包括工艺设计、水资源特征和污染物水平 过滤介质和过滤水质，以及生物颗粒的详细信息。 调查结果显示，造成过滤器污染的微生物种类繁多。 滤床（一级和二级过滤器）的污染模式主要是由于 来自资源的生物颗粒的累积，其次是直接 过滤器内部的开发。 在标准操作条件下进行的反洗（空气、水流量和 频率）有效去除过滤介质颗粒间空间中残留的有机物 在前两个步骤中；然而，反洗并不能有效地释放生物体（尤其是阿米巴和阿米巴） 浮游动物）受到介质表面生物膜的保护。 关于介质清洁，最合适的试剂用于消除 生物体，尤其是固定在培养基上的阿米巴，是通过各种方法的批量试验选择的 化学品（盐、氧化剂、酸、碱）。盐和氧化剂被发现是最有效的 从培养基中去除有机物的试剂。包括18个参考文献、表格、图表。

The objectives of this project were to: quantify the level of contamination of filters by various organisms (amoebae, aerobic spores, E. coli, nematodes, etc.) through a survey performed on several production sites, with various resources and associated water treatment works; optimize filter washing to prevent or minimize health risks; and, define cleaning protocols in order to allow operators to decontaminate filter media. Protocols have been established from tests at laboratory and pilot scale before application on industrial sites. The first part of the study focuses on a worldwide survey of more than 15 filters from water treatment plants (WTPs) in Europe (France, Hungary, United Kingdom) to develop detailed information on filter contamination. The information collected includes process design, water resource characterization, and contamination level of filter media and filtered water quality with details on biological particles. Results of this survey revealed a wide variety of organisms causing the contamination of the filters. The mode of contamination of the filter beds (1st stage and 2nd stage filter) is primarily due to the accumulation of biological particles coming from the resources, and secondarily a consequence of direct development within the filters. Backwashing applied under standard operating conditions (in terms of air, water flow rates and frequency) efficiently removed organisms retained in the inter-granular space of the filter media during the first two steps; however, backwashing does not efficiently release the organisms (particularly amoebae and zooplankton) protected by the biofilm occurring on the media surface. Regarding the media cleaning, the most appropriate reagents for obtaining elimination of organisms, particularly amoebae fixed on a media, were chosen through batch tests with various chemicals (salts, oxidants, acid, base). Salts and oxidants were found to be the most efficient reagents for removal of organisms from the media. Includes 18 references, tables, figures.